| 001
|
14-11-1783 – 17-04-1807
|
| local letter
|
if carried by the mail same as inland rate
(2 kopecks)
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
if carried by the mail same as inland rate
(4 kopecks)
|
|
| inland letter 2) 3)
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 1)
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
basically the sum of the rates of the
postal services involved. International letters are often carried by a
commercial traveller or a sea captain, who posts them somewhere on his
way
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 1 lot (12.794 grammes)
2) up to 100 versts; 1 kopeck
per lot for each additional 50 versts (1 verst = 1067 meters)
3) surcharge for insured
letter 0.5% of its worth
► the same rates apply to parcels up to
32 lots
► inland = Russia
► the semi-independent Duchy of Courland
(1561-1795) has a postal service of its own, but the rates are not known to me
|
|
|
|
|
| 002
|
17-04-1807 – 18-12-1818
|
| local letter
|
if carried by the mail same as inland rate
(6 kopecks)
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
if carried by the mail same as inland rate
(12 kopecks)
|
|
| inland letter 2) 3)
|
6 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 1)
|
12 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
basically the sum of the rates of the
postal services involved. International letters are often carried by a
commercial traveller or a sea captain, who posts them somewhere on his
way
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 1 lot (12.794 grammes)
2) up to 100 versts; 2 kopecks
per lot for each additional 100 versts (1 verst = 1067 meters)
3) from 05-11-1811
money letters 3× normal rate
► the same rates apply to parcels up to
32 lots
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
| 003
|
18-12-1818 – 04-06-1830
|
| local letter
|
if carried by the mail same as inland rate
(12 kopecks)
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
if carried by the mail same as inland rate
(24 kopecks)
|
|
| inland letter 2)
|
12 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 1)
|
24 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
basically the sum of the rates of the
postal services involved, but during this period postal treaties are concluded
with Prussia and Sweden
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 1 lot (12.794 grammes)
2) up to 100 versts; 4 kopecks
per lot for each additional 100 versts (1 verst = 1067 meters)
► parcels up to 32 lots and up to 100
versts 24 kopecks; after 02-02-1821 12 kopecks
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 004
|
04-06-1830 – 01-01-1840
|
| local letter
|
if carried by the mail same as inland rate
(20 kopecks)
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
if carried by the mail same as inland rate
(40 kopecks)
|
|
| inland letter 2)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 1)
|
40 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
partly laid out in postal treaties between
two countries, or simply the sum of the rates of the postal services involved,
partly a matter of private enterprise
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 1 lot (12.794 grammes)
2) up to 300 versts; 10
kopecks per lot for each additional 300 versts; letters within the same
province always 20 kopecks per lot (1 verst = 1067 meters)
► the same rates apply to parcels up to
32 lots
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 005
|
01-01-1840 – 01-01-1844
|
| local letter
|
if carried by the mail same as inland rate
(5 kopecks)
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
if carried by the mail same as inland rate
(10 kopecks)
|
|
| inland letter 2)
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter
1)
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
partly laid out in postal treaties between
two countries, or simply the sum of the rates of the postal services involved,
partly a matter of private enterprise
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 1 lot (12.794 grammes)
2) up to 300 versts; 300-800
versts 10 kopecks; 800-1100 versts 15 kopecks; 100-1800 versts
20 kopecks; > 1800 versts 25 kopecks; within the same
province always 5 kopecks per lot (1 verst = 1067 meters)
► the same rates apply to parcels up to
32 lots
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 006
|
01-01-1844 – 09-04-1862
|
| local letter
|
10 kopecks
|
(local = inland rate)
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
20 kopecks
|
(local = inland rate)
|
| inland letter 2)
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter
1)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
subject to individual postal treaty with
country of destination
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 1 lot (12.794 grammes)
2) regardless of distance
► on 23 December 1857 Russia issues its
first postage stamp with a value of 10 kopecks. However, as from 1845
envelopes with an imprinted stamp on the flap are in use
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 007
|
09-04-1862 – 13-05-1864
|
| local letter
|
10 kopecks
|
(local = inland rate)
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
20 kopecks
|
(local = inland rate)
|
| inland letter 2)
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter
1)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
subject to individual postal treaty with
country of destination
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 1 lot (12.794 grammes)
2) value-declared letter 25
kopecks
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 008
|
13-05-1864 – 15-12-1865
|
| local letter
|
10 kopecks
|
(local = inland rate)
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
20 kopecks
|
(local = inland rate)
|
| local printed matter
|
3 kopecks
|
(local = inland rate)
|
| inland letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter
1)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
subject to individual postal treaty with
country of destination
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 1 lot (12.794 grammes)
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 009
|
15-12-1865 – 21-05-1866
|
| local letter
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| inland letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter
1)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
subject to individual postal treaty with
country of destination
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 1 lot (12.794 grammes)
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 010
|
21-05-1866 – 01-01-1870
|
| local letter
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter
|
1 kopeck
|
|
| inland letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter
1)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
1 kopeck
|
|
| international letter
|
subject to individual postal treaty with
country of destination.
A letter to Prussia costs 14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 1 lot (12.794 grammes)
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 011
|
01-01-1870 – 01-01-1872
|
| local letter
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter
|
1 kopeck
|
|
| inland letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter
1)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
subject to individual postal treaty with
country of destination.
A letter to Prussia costs 14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 1 lot (12.794 grammes)
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 012
|
01-01-1872 – 01-01-1875
|
| local letter
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter
2)
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| inland letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter
3)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
subject to individual postal treaty with
country of destination.
A letter to Germany costs 14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
uniform rate for local mail
2) small printed matters (like
visiting cards) 1 kopeck
3) > 1 lot (12.794
grammes)
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 013
|
01-01-1875 – 19-06-1875
|
| local letter
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local letter
|
13 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard 1)
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
13 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| inland letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 2)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
15 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
subject to individual postal treaty with
country of destination.
A letter to Germany costs 14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
uniform rate for local mail
2) > 1 lot (12.794
grammes)
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 014
|
19-06-1875 – 20-03-1879
|
| local letter
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local letter
|
13 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard 1)
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
13 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| inland letter
|
8 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 2)
|
16 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
18 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
8 kopecks
|
|
| registered international letter
|
18 kopecks
|
|
| international postcard
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| registered international
postcard
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
uniform rate for local mail
2) > 1 lot (12.794
grammes)
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 015
|
20-03-1879 – 08-03-1889
|
| local letter
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| inland letter
|
7 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 2)
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
7 kopecks
|
|
| registered international letter
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| international postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered international
postcard
|
13 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
uniform rate for local letters
2) > 1 lot (12.794
grammes)
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 016
|
08-03-1889 – 19-03-1899
|
| local letter
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| inland letter
|
7 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 2)
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| registered international letter
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| international postcard
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| registered international
postcard
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
uniform rate for local letters
2) > 1 lot (12.794
grammes)
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 017
|
19-03-1899 – 15-03-1909
|
| local letter
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter 2)
|
1 kopeck
|
|
| inland letter
|
7 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 3)
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter 2)
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| registered international letter
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| international postcard
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| registered international
postcard
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
uniform rate for local letters
2) also valid for (picture)
postcards with less than six words written upon them
3) > 1 lot (12.794
grammes)
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 018
|
15-03-1909 – 09-10-1913
|
| local letter
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| registered local letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter 2)
|
1 kopeck
|
|
| inland letter
|
7 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 3)
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter 2)
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| registered international letter
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| international postcard
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| registered international
postcard
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 4 lots (51.176 grammes)
2) also valid for (picture)
postcards with less than six words written upon them
3) > 1 lot (12.794
grammes)
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 019
|
09-10-1913 – 21-09-1914
|
| local letter
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| registered local letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter 2)
|
1 kopeck
|
|
| inland letter
|
7 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 3)
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter 2)
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| registered international letter
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| international postcard
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| registered international
postcard
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 60 grammes
2) also valid for (picture)
postcards with less than six words written upon them
3) > 15 grammes
► introduction of the metric system
► on 1 August 1914 Russia gets involved
in the First World War
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 020
|
21-09-1914 – 18-08-1915
|
| local letter
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
8 kopecks
|
|
| registered local letter
|
15 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
13 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter 2)
|
1 kopeck
|
|
| inland letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 3)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
13 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter 2)
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| registered international letter
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| international postcard
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| registered international postcard
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 60 grammes
2) also valid for (picture)
postcards with less than six words written upon them
3) > 15 grammes
► inland = Russia
► in July 1915 a German offensive
starts that delivers Lithuania, a part of White Russia and the Latvian
province of Courland into the hands of the Germans
|
|
|
|
|
| 021A
|
18-08-1915 – 15-08-1917
(north of the river Daugava)
|
| local letter
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
8 kopecks
|
|
| registered local letter
|
15 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
13 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter 2)
|
1 kopeck
|
|
| inland letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 3)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
3 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
13 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter 2)
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| registered international letter
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| international postcard
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| registered international
postcard
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1)
> 60 grammes
2) also valid for (picture)
postcards with less than six words written upon them
3) > 15 grammes
► from 01-02-1917: letters to a military
man 5 kopecks; postcards to a military man 2 kopecks; the mail service of the
army itself is free
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 022A
|
15-08-1917 – 01-09-1917
(north of the river Daugava)
|
| local letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| registered local letter
|
30 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
25 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| inland letter
|
15 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 2)
|
30 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
35 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
25 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| registered international letter
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| international postcard
|
4 kopecks
|
|
| registered international
postcard
|
14 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1) > 30 grammes
2) > 15 grammes
► inland mail more expensive than
international mail; because many postal employees just cannot believe this,
correctly franked international letters are rare
► inland = Russia
|
|
|
|
|
| 023A
|
01-09-1917 – 18-02-1918
(north of the river Daugava)
|
| local letter
|
10 kopecks
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| registered local letter
|
30 kopecks
|
|
| local postcard
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
25 kopecks
|
|
| local printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| inland letter
|
15 kopecks
|
|
| heavier inland letter 2)
|
30 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
35 kopecks
|
|
| inland postcard
|
5 kopecks
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
25 kopecks
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
2 kopecks
|
|
| international letter
|
20 kopecks
|
|
| registered international letter
|
40 kopecks
|
|
| international postcard
|
8 kopecks
|
|
| registered international
postcard
|
28 kopecks
|
|
| particulars
|
1) > 30 grammes
2) > 15 grammes
► in actual practice these rates are
ineffective
► inland = Russia
► on 03-09-1917
Rīga is captured by German troops; on 18-02-1918 the rest of Latvia
follows
|
|
|
|
|
| 021B
|
18-08-1915 – 15-01-1916
(south of the river Daugava)
|
| particulars
|
► only the mail service of the German
army is allowed; this service is free
|
|
|
|
|
| 022B
|
15-01-1916 – 01-08-1916
(south of the river Daugava)
|
| local letter
|
5 Pfennig
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
5 Pfennig
|
|
| registered local letter
|
25 Pfennig
|
|
| local postcard
|
5 Pfennig
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
25 Pfennig
|
|
| local printed matter
|
3 Pfennig
|
|
| inland letter
|
10 Pfennig
|
|
| heavier inland letter 2)
|
20 Pfennig
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
30 Pfennig
|
|
| inland postcard
|
5 Pfennig
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
25 Pfennig
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
3 Pfennig
|
|
| international letter
|
not allowed
|
|
| registered international letter
|
not allowed
|
|
| international postcard
|
not allowed
|
|
| registered international
postcard
|
not allowed
|
|
| particulars
|
1) uniform rate for local
letters
2) > 20 grammes
► inland rate applies to the entire
territory occupied by the Germans, including Germany itself
► Southern Latvia is a part of the
Postgebiet des Oberbefehlshabers Ost and uses German stamps overprinted with
‘Postgebiet Ob. Ost’
► 1 rouble is equal to 2 Marks. In April
1916 the Germans start issuing roubles of their own: the ‘Ostrubel’. In 1918
the Germans issue ‘Ostmarks’ for the occupied Russian territory. 1 Mark = 1
Ostmark = 0,50 Ostrubels
► letters must be collected at the post
office instead of being delivered. However, in bigger towns in the Postgebiet
des Oberbefehlshabers Ost there is a delivery service that delivers mail to
houses on payment of a delivery fee. The fee is settled at delivery. The
delivery service of Libau (Liepāja) charges 1 kopeck per letter until
1-3-1916 and 3 kopecks after that date. The Riga one (established on 22
October 1917) charges 10 Pfennig per letter. It is not surprising that local
letters are extremely rare
|
|
|
|
|
| 023B
|
01-08-1916 – 18-02-1918
(south of the river Daugava)
|
| local letter
|
7½ Pfennig
|
|
| heavier local letter 1)
|
7½ Pfennig
|
|
| registered local letter
|
27½ Pfennig
|
|
| local postcard
|
7½ Pfennig
|
|
| registered local postcard
|
27½ Pfennig
|
|
| local printed matter
|
3 Pfennig
|
|
| inland letter
|
15 Pfennig
|
|
| heavier inland letter 2)
|
25 Pfennig
|
|
| registered inland letter
|
35 Pfennig
|
|
| inland postcard
|
7½ Pfennig
|
|
| registered inland postcard
|
27½ Pfennig
|
|
| inland printed matter
|
3 Pfennig
|
|
| international letter 3)
|
15 Pfennig
|
Austria-Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina (from 01-02-1917)
|
| registered international letter
3)
|
35 Pfennig
|
Austria-Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina (from 01-02-1917)
|
| international postcard 3)
|
7½ Pfennig
10 Pfennig
10 Pfennig
|
Austria-Hungary (from 01-02-1917)
Bosnia-Herzegovina (from 01-02-1917)
Russia (from 17-12-1917)
|
| registered international postcard
3)
|
27½ Pfennig
30 Pfennig
|
Austria-Hungary (from 01-02-1917)
Bosnia-Herzegovina (from 01-02-1917)
|
| particulars
|
1)
uniform rate for local letters
2) > 20 grammes
3) some letters to neutral
countries, franked according to the German foreign rate (20 Pfennig
for a letter up to 20 grammes), are known. Mail to Russia (officially only
postcards are allowed) is often accepted when franked according to inland rate
► inland rate applies to the entire
territory occupied by the Germans, including Germany itself
► 1 rouble is equal to 2 Marks
► the increase of the postal rates is
a war tax, called the Reichsabgabe. The revenues go into the state treasury
instead of the Deutsche Reichspost’s purse
► on 03-09-1917
Rīga is captured by German troops; on 18-02-1918 the rest of Latvia
follows
|
|
|
|
|
Sources:
Czarist Period
- A.V. Kiryushkin and P.E.
Robinson, Russian Postmarks: An Introduction and Guide, J. Barefoot
Ltd., 1989
- N. Jakimovs and V. Marcilger,
Postal History of Imperial Russia in Pre-independent Latvia, Framic,
1995
- V. Hurt and E. Ojaste, Eesti
– Estonia – Estland – Philately & Postal History Handbook Catalogue –
Philatelie & Postgeschichte Handbuch Katalog, EFÜR/NY-EFS, 1986
Postgebiet des Oberbefehlshabers Ost
- Harry von Hofmann (ed.),
Das Postgebiet Ob. Ost auf dem Territorium der späteren Republik Lettland
1915-1920, Harry von Hofmann Verlag, 2006
- Stefan Petriuk, ‘Stadtpost
Wilna’, Philatelia Baltica, June 1985
- Jeroen van de Weide and Ton
Welvaart, ‘Eerste inflatieperiode in het Generaalgouvernement Warschau en
bezet Rusland; enkele woorden over de Duitse inflatie voor Polenfilatelisten’,
in: Inflatieperioden en geldhervormingen in Oost Europa,
Filatelistische Contactgroep Oost Europa, 2007
- Michel
Deutschland-Spezial-Katalog 1988
Independence
- Nikolajs Jakimovs, ‘De
posttarieven van Letland’, Het Baltische Gebied, July 1988
- N. Jakimovs and V. Marcilger,
The Postal and Monetary History of Latvia 1918-1945, own book,
1991
- Ruud van Wijnen, ‘6 augustus of
1 juli 1919? Over het begin van een Letse portoperiode’, Het Baltische
Gebied, July 2001
- Harry von Hofmann (ed.),
Lettland: Die Luftpost 1920-1940/Latvia: Air Mail 1920-1940, Harry von
Hofmann Verlag, 2003
Soviet Occupation I
- Ruud van Wijnen, ‘De
Sovjetrepubliek Letland 1940-1941’, Het Baltische Gebied, July
1987
- N. Jakimovs and V. Marcilger,
The Postal and Monetary History of Latvia 1918-1945, own book,
1991
German Occupation
- Harry von Hofmann (ed.),
Lettland vor dem und als Teil vom Generalpostkommissariat Ostland,
Harry von Hofmann Verlag, 2001
- V. Hurt and E. Ojaste, Eesti
– Estonia – Estland – Philately & Postal History Handbook Catalogue –
Philatelie & Postgeschichte Handbuch Katalog, EFÜR/NY-EFS, 1986
- N. Jakimovs and V. Marcilger,
The Postal and Monetary History of Latvia 1918-1945, own book,
1991
Soviet Occupation II
- Michel Ganzsachen-Katalog
Europa Ost 2004/05
- Survey provided by Anton
Welvaart, 1986
- Vladlen Aronovich Karlinskii,
‘Soviet Postal Rates’, Rossica 75 (1968)
Independence Restored
- R. van Wijnen and N. Jakimovs,
‘Letland: Nieuwe ontwikkelingen II’, Het Baltische Gebied, December
1992
- R. van Wijnen, ‘Letland: Nieuwe
ontwikkelingen IV’, Het Baltische Gebied, July 1994
- R. van Wijnen, ‘Letland: Nieuwe
ontwikkelingen V’, Het Baltische Gebied, June 1995
- R. van Wijnen, ‘Letland: Nieuwe
ontwikkelingen VI’, Het Baltische Gebied, July 1996
- R. van Wijnen, ‘Letland: Nieuwe
ontwikkelingen VII’, Het Baltische Gebied, June 1997
If two sources are contradictory, firstly the items known to me are decisive,
secondly the most recent source.
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My Dutch
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